Literacy in Song of Solomon, Life of Frederick Douglass, Push and Slave Narratives :: comparison compare contrast essays

Investigation of Language and Literacy in Song of Solomon, Life of Frederick Douglass, Push and Slave Narratives   â â â African-Americans have been adding to American writing for many years. From Gustavus Vassa, or Olaudah Equiano, in 1789 to Sapphire in 1996, scholars have been recounting to their accounts. The impact of minority authors and speakers on writing, proficiency, and language is absolutely remarkable.  As a matter of first importance, dark American writing enables others to hear the minority voice and vicariously share the minority experience. The regular white peruser can't comprehend what the dark race experiences on an every day and generational premise; be that as it may, writing can carry the white peruser into the minority's reality by taking advantage of the peruser's creative mind and feelings.  The primary motivation behind the slave stories is to let perusers share the slaves' encounters, and thus evoke feelings with the goal that the peruser will consider, and ideally follow up on, abolitionist standards. In the introduction to Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, William Lloyd Garrison expounds on Douglass and the white northerners whose compassion and warmth he has firmly made sure about by the numerous sufferings he has persevered through, ...whose minds he has edified regarding the matter of bondage, and who have been liquefied to tears by his poignancy, or animated to upright ire by his mixing expressiveness against the enslavers of men (ix). Douglass was absolutely mindful of his strategic upset the open psyche and win the hearts of others (xii). He accomplished this reason through his voice immovably recounting to the pathetic story of his slave encounters. How could his crowd deliberately ignore such expert articulation and force?  Like Douglass, Sapphire offers the minority involvement in the advantaged populace. She accomplishes this accomplishment through the character Precious and her remarkable voice. The minority voice is particular and unavoidable, for the voice portrays the story. For instance, Precious stands out her background from the prevailing class' encounters: What is a typical life? A real existence where you not 'disgraced of your mom. Where your companions come over after school and sit in front of the TV and do schoolwork. Where your mom is typical looking and don't hit you over the head wif iron skillet. I would want in my dream another opportunity. Since my first possibility go to Mama and Daddy (Sapphire 114-115). These ground-breaking proclamations from the voice of a multi year old African-American young lady carry the white peruser into the truth of the life of the minority.

Nipah Virus and the Potential for Bioterrorism

Nipah Virus and the Potential for Bioterrorism Nipah Virus and the Potential for Bioterrorism Presentation Bioterrorism is viewed as one of the most discussed issues with respect to national security since the beginning of the new thousand years. On September 11, 2001 (9/11) psychological oppression hit the United States with the smashing and endeavored slamming of planes into critical monetary and political structures. This demonstration of dread was a critical starting to fears of what was next from psychological militant gatherings. Despite the fact that this was not the first, and certainly not the last, psychological oppressor danger or endeavor it was certainly the most significant and irrefutably caused dread, frenzy and social interruption substantially less financial issues all around. Inside days of the 9/11 assaults the attention to American defenselessness turned out to be progressively obvious with the media exposure of the Anthrax alarms. This realized worldwide worries with bioterrorism as envelopes that were loaded up with Bacillus anthracis spores were sent to political and media sources all through the United States and twenty-two individuals were tainted and five passings happened (Ryan Glarum, 2008). Nipah is only one of numerous infections that are accessible to fear based oppressor bunches for advancement as a bioweapon. In 1999 this infection was first seen and noted as effectively spread to people through inward breath and ingestion. Despite the fact that there are numerous potential pathogens accessible, the Nipah infection has demonstrated itself to be one of the most perilous and beneficial . As the Nipah infection advanced there was dread noted by laborers, families and human services suppliers in southern Asia. With a death pace of 40% to 100% (Lam, 2002; World Health Organization [WHO], 2009) in tainted territories, and a monetary effect that cost a few millions to Malaysias economy, this infection has potential for huge bioterrorism. Characteristic History The Nipah Virus (NiV), family paramyxoviridae, was first perceived in Malaysia, South Asia in late 1998 into Spring 1999. This ailment was perceived when a flare-up of affliction and passing happened among pig ranchers, it tainted 265 individuals, with 105 passings, a death pace of around 40% (Lam, 2002). This infection was new to established researchers and first idea to be Japanese Encephalitis (JE) which had happened in around a similar area years sooner. JE was likewise noted to taint individuals that were around trained pigs, much the same as the presently recognized Nipah Virus (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2001). The Nipah infection was found to likewise have comparative manifestations as those of the Hendra Virus which caused respiratory malady and encephalitis in Australia in 1994 (Fraser, 2009). The Nipah infection is considered by the CDC as a recently developing pathogen that could be built for mass spread (Ryan Glarum, 2008; Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). Since the beginning of the Nipah infection in 1999, as indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), there have been twelve huge flare-ups since the underlying, with 202 people contaminated and lost existence of 146 people, mortality of over 72%. Two of these flare-ups, one in India in 2007 and one in Bangladesh in 2008 had death paces of 100%, indicating the overwhelming impacts of this infection (WHO, 2009). The underlying examination of the Nipah infection found that abattoir laborers who managed pigs every day and those that were uncovered through cultivating and moving pigs were getting sick. As the examination proceeded with it found that the pigs were contaminating the laborers (zoonotic ailment). After disclosure, in this way over 1.1 million pigs were discarded to control the transmission of the infection. This obliteration of pigs was essentially decimating to the economy of Malaysia taking note of an expected loss of $217 million dollars (Ryan Glarum, 2008, p. 104). Infection Transference The Nipah infection have was seen as pteropid bats (flying foxes), situated in Australia and the southern territories of Asia. During development of homesteads toward the rainforests and the devastation of the rainforest for assembling and industry, numerous creatures including bats needed to move to endure. Many pig ranchers in Malaysia additionally had enormous natural product plantations arranged close to the pig fenced in areas, as development of pig cultivating proceeded and the loss of territory for bats continued to change bats began to rummage the close by plantations for food. As this movement proceeded there was an expanded possibility of malady defilement to household creatures from untamed life, and as such a huge increment in contact among pigs and bats. In this manner, more noteworthy open door for transmission of the Nipah infection (â€Å"Dr. Jonathan Epstein Returnsâ€Å", 2005). As the Nipah infection was explored it was accepted to have been transmitted to pigs from bats through the spit, pee and excrement of the bats which feed and home in neighborhood plantations (â€Å"Dr. Jonathan Epstein Returnsâ€Å", 2005), close to pig pens. This potential transmission most likely happened when bat emissions fell into the pig pens and were ingested by these tamed creatures. The underlying human infection episode in Malaysia and Singapore was accepted to have been from direct contact with wiped out pigs or their meat items, and could have originated from the utilization of tainted organic product or juices from the plantations. As the infection advanced and look into was done there was a built up interface taking note of individual to-individual pollution through close contact (World Health Organization [WHO], 2009) Physiology of Exposure The Nipah infection appears to have a wide range of clinical indications in singular creatures and people. There is an expansive scope of center signs that can highlight infection contamination that prompt specialists and social insurance suppliers to not perceive examples of beginning contamination, in this manner not perceiving potential sickness flare-ups. As per the WHO (2009), the hatching time frame (interim from contamination to beginning of indications) shifts from four to 45 days. This huge range makes it unbelievably difficult to follow the infection between beginning presentation and clinical treatment. Perceiving that the individual is giving indications of an infection, and narrowing down the particular infection, at that point treating it fittingly for an individual is a test yet possible. However, with such a wide brooding period there is a likelihood that reasonable data could be lost or not took note. The physiological indications of this infection in people is described by vague signs and side effects to incorporate serious migraine, fever, spewing, myalgia (solid torment) bewilderment, respiratory maladies, neurological deficiencies and encephalitis and by and large may cause extreme lethargies or passing (Center for Infectious Disease Research Policy [CIDRAP], 2009). In pigs there is portrayal of signs and manifestations relying upon the age of the creature. The essential signs noted are fever, brevity of breath, muscle jerking, trembling, back leg shortcoming, extreme hacking, open-mouth breathing, irregular posing and spasms (CIDRAP, 2009). After introductory presentation and treatment follow-up inquire about was done and in this examination it was noticed that there were backslides in center side effects to incorporate encephalitis up to twenty after two months, without re-introduction. The examination and that an expected 160 patients who recuperated from intense encephalitis and 89 patients who experienced asymptomatic disease got follow-up care for ‘late-beginning encephalitis (neurological appearances happening just because at least ten weeks after starting contamination) or ‘relapsed encephalitis (neurological indications after recuperation from intense encephalitis) (Halpin Mungall, 2007, p. 290). Host Sources The Nipah Virus source originates from Pteropus organic product bats (AKA: Flying Foxes), which are found in Southern Asia and Australia. In 1997 organic product bats were noted to start rummaging on blossoms and nectar in trees situated close to plantations bordering to tainted territories (Cobey, 2005). Organic product bats were seen as the common wellspring of this infection and made the exchange of the infection pigs and individuals. As tamed pigs were sold for reproducing and moved to different homesteads the infection was immediately spread further all through southern Asia (Cobey, 2005). Conceivable Use in Biowarfare Biowarfare, and these days bioterrorism, is a danger that started before the introduction of Christ. As per Dr. Michael D. Phillips, M.D. one of the principal recorded episodes [of bioterrorism]was in Mesopotamia. The Assyrians utilized rye ergot, a component of the parasite Claviceps purpurea, which contains mycotoxins. Rye ergot was utilized by Assyria to harm the wells of their foes, with restricted achievement (Phillips, 2005, p. 32). Utilization of pathogens to initiate disorder, demise or fear has proceeded until present time. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recorded the Nipah infection as a basic organic operator, Category C. Classification C specialists are rising pathogens that could be designed for mass dispersal later on in light of: * Availability * Ease of creation and spread * Potential for high grimness and death rates and significant wellbeing sway (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.,  ¶ 3; (Ryan Glarum, 2008, p. 105)) With this classification the infection is a living pathogen that can be created as a bioweapon with the correct information, and gear. For the infection to be weaponized it should be cleaned, balanced out and appropriately measured. Since this is a living infection the bioterrorist specialist can be repeated once dispersed (Ryan Glarum, 2008). As of now, there is no data about how this infection could be produced to turn into a bioterrorist specialist, however with the correct information the potential is there. Creation Methods Since the Nipah infection has demonstrated to be scattered through emissions from bats and pigs, and appeared to cause serious disease and demise it can possibly be utilized as a bioterrorist operator

9 Signs Youre Dealing With an Emotional Manipulator

9 Signs Youre Dealing With an Emotional Manipulator WHAT IS EMOTIONAL MANIPULATION?Ever b??n in a situation where ??u find yourself ???l?gizing f?r ??m?thing you ?l??rl? didn’t do? Y?u find ??ur??lf t?king th? bl?m? for something ??m??n? ?l?? did?Th??? ?itu?ti?n? are m?r? ??mm?n th??? d??? ?nd it i? usually as a r??ult ?f ?m?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?ti?n?.If ??u’v? ?v?r found ??ur??lf in a ?itu?ti?n where someone d??? ??m?thing t? hurt ??u ?nd during th? course ?f th? discussion ?b?ut what h????n?d ?nd ??u find ??ur??lf apologizing ?nd bl?ming yourself, H?ll?! You’ve b??n ?m?ti?n?ll? m?ni?ul?t?d.Emotional manipulation whi?h is ?l?? kn?wn as ????h?l?gi??l m?ni?ul?ti?n is defined as th? b?h?vi?r th?t is intended t? change the ?ttitud? or behavior of ?th?r ????l? by u?ing devious, deceptive ?r ?v?n ?bu?iv? means with th? intention t? ??iz? ??w?r, ??ntr?l, benefits and/or privileges ?t th? vi?tim’? expense.It is important t? distinguish healthy social influence from emotional manipulation.Healthy social influ?n?? ???ur? between m??t ????l?, and is part ?f the give ?nd t?k? ?itu?ti?n? ?f ??n?tru?tiv? r?l?ti?n?hi??.In emotional manipulation on th? other hand, you ?r? being u??d f?r th? b?n?fit ?f th? ?th?r ??rt?. The m?ni?ul?t?r d?lib?r?t?l? ?r??t?? ?n ?tm???h?r? wh?r? he ?r ?h? exploits you in such a way th?t it serves hi? ?r her agenda. SIGN? OF EMOTIONAL MANIPULATION AND ?R??TI??L ?X?M?L??1. They never take r????n?ibilit? ?????i?ll? wh?n thing? dont g? w?llH?v? you ever m?t one ?f those kinds ?f ????l? who n?v?r d? ?n?thing wr?ng? Or ?t l???t th?t i? what they b?li?v?.I know I have. It’s n?v?r ever th?ir fault. It’s ?lw??? ??u, n?t th?m.Its ??tu?ll? ?l??r th?t it w?? hi? f?ult, but he’d n?v?r agree to that.Ev?r?thing that has ?v?r h????n?d to them i? usually something th?? h?d n? control over ?? they ?l?im. “H? fired m? because h? didn’t lik? m?” ?r “She br?k? up with m? because ?h? ??uldn’t handle being in a r?l?ti?n?hi?”.Th? excuses they m?k? u? t? ??nvin?? th?m??lv??, ?nd ?th?r?, ?f th?ir l??k ?f fault ?r? ??t?ni?hing.S?m?tim?? b?d things happen to g??d ????l? but, ?v?n th? g??d ????l? kn?w th?t ??m? ?f those bad things w?r? avoidable if th?? d?n? ??m?thing different ?nd th?? ?????t th?? made a mi?t?k?? m?ving f?rw?rd, but ?m?ti?n?l manipulators ?lw??? b?li?v? it’s your f?ult.And they do ?nd say everything to ??nvin?? you th?t ??u ?r? th? ?r?bl?m. H?w t? react: you h?v? t? ??lit?l? ?x?l?in t? them with examples if possible h?w and wh?r? th?? did ??m?thing wrong. They will ?till tr? to ?hift th? bl?m? ?g?in to ??u, but ?t thi? ??int, ??u ??uld ju?t w?rk away. They will g?t the m????g? ?v?ntu?ll?.2. Th?? tr? to make ??u f??l b?d f?r d?ing wh?t ??u w?nt, putting th?ir needs above yoursA ?tud? fr?m C?rl?t?n University inv??tig?t?d guilt m?ng?ring as ?n unh??lth? fr?ntlin? relationship m?n??uvr? that m?ni?ul?t?r? fr??u?ntl? u??.Th? ?l???i? guilt tri? m?v?.Em?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?t?r? ?ll have thi? in ??mm?n.Y?u want t? d? something ??u lik? ?nd th?? ?r? lik? “fin?, ?ur?, g? h?ng ? ut with your friends while I ?t?? ?t home lonely” th?? will go ahead t? remind you that their gr?ndm? di?d thi? m?nth 30-years ago and you want to g? have fun with friends and let them mourn ?l?n?.Ev?r?thing h?? t? be about them, ??u ??n’t ?v?n have an i?? cream without th?m m?gi??ll? finding a r????n wh? ??u ?h?uldn’t b???u?? ?f how it affects th?m. “If ??u r??ll? want to go ?n the girl’? w??k?nd, g? ?h??d. I ju?t d?nt und?r?t?nd h?w ??u ??uld leave th? kids ?l?n? with m? f?r th?t long.”Th?? lit?r?ll? don’t ???r?v? ?f ??ur h???in???, only th?ir?. If h? ?r ?h? h?? a b?d d??, ??u d?r? n?t w?t?h a funn? move th?t would m?k? ??u l?ugh b???u?? th?? w?uld ??nd?mn you f?r h?ving a g??d tim?. “I had a b?d d?? ?t th? ?ffi?? t?d?? ?nd ??u are w?t?hing a funn? m?vi? ?nd l?ughing about it, I know ??u d?n’t ??r?, but please ?r?t?nd t? care a bit or wait till I l??v?”.If th?? ?r? n?t b?n?fiting directly from wh?t th?? ?r? d?ing, th?n you ?r? ??lfi?h, only thinking ?b?ut ??ur? ?lf. Th?t is one major ?ign ??u are d??ling with ?n ?m?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?t?r.How t? react: ??u ?im?l? have to kn?w th?t no one is r????n?ibl? f?r your h???in???. Y?u ?l?? d? not owe your h???in??? t? ?n?b?d?. The b??t response t? thi? ?itu?ti?n is t? ign?r? th? ?bu??r and do what makes ??u h???? and ??u don’t have t? ???l?gi?? for it.3. Th?? tr? t? b? th? ??nt?r ?f ?tt?nti?n, m?king ??u f??l less or inferiorIt’s ?ll ?b?ut their career, it’? ?ll ?b?ut how th?? w?nt t? ?u????d and h?w ??u ?h?uld help th?m g?t t? wh?r? they w?nt t? b?.You ?r? not ?ll?w?d t? h?v? dreams, th?ir ?mbiti?n? ?r? m?r? im??rt?nt th?n ??ur?.Everything just h?? to be ?b?ut them.Th?? w?nt to t?lk about th?ir d??, their problems, ?nd th?ir ??hi?v?m?nt?. Yours do not m?tt?r. Wh?t?v?r ?r?bl?m ??u ?r? h?ving; th?? are g?ing thr?ugh or h?v? g?n? through worse. You h?d a g??d d?? at w?rk t?d??? Th?ir day was ?v?n b?tt?r. You had a bad d?? ?t w?rk? Th?? g?t th?t award ?nd ?v?r?b?d? l?v?d him ?r h?r. “C?m? on, your ??hi?v?m?nt? ?r? n?ting ??m??r?d t? min?, I ??uld d? wh?t ??u d? in m? ?l???”.Y?u basically b???m? invincible. Wh?n ????king with a m?ni?ul?t?r, ??u find ??ur??lf gr?du?ll? f?lling int? a ?t?t? of ??n?t?nt li?t?ning with v?r? littl? ??ntributi?n. Th?? simply cannot l??k ???t th?m??lv?? t? notice anyone ?l??.H?w to r???t: like in th? previous r????n??, no ?n? i? r????n?ibl? f?r your h???in??? ?r life. When they m?k? ?v?r? di??u??i?n about th?m, try t? dr?w th?ir attention t? the f??t th?t they ?r? being ??lfi?h and ??lf-??nt?r?d. And if that d???n’t work, you sincerely don’t n??d t? b? in that r?l?ti?n?hi?.4. Th?? m?k? ??u f??l ??rr? f?r v?i?ing concerns or ??m?l?int? d???it? them being genuineTh?? ?lw??? w?nt ??u t? ??u t? keep ??ur ??ini?n? to ??ur??lf.S?m?tim?? th?? ?v?n ask th? ?u??ti?n and demand ??u ?gr?? with them.F?r in?t?n??, th?? want t? g?t a r??ll? ?x??n?iv? ?tuff whi?h b??i??ll? i? ?f no use to th?m or ??u, or the ?ntir? f?mil?; they ju?t l?v? th? id?? ?f owning it .Th?n they w?uld ??k f?r ??ur opinion ?b?ut it, kn?wing fully well you w?uld ??? no, but when you d?, th?? ?l?? it ?? if ??u d?n’t want th?m to b? h????.Th?n, ?ll ?f a ?udd?n, ??u find yourself apologizing and ?v?n ?gr??ing to more.Generally, wh?n ??u mention something th?t bothers ??u, th?? m?k? you feel ??rr? f?r bringing it u?. Y?u ??n never express ??ur concerns with?ut f??r ?f r??ri??l.Th?ir id?? i? to f?r?? you t? k??? ??ur complaints t? ??ur??lf ?nd turn the f??u? b??k t? th?m. Th??? ?r? characteristics ?f an ?m?ti?n?l manipulator.How t? r???t: Y?u are n?t g?ing ?r?z?. Th?? ?r? ?l??ing ??u f?r ?ll it? worth. D?nt fall vi?tim to th??? m?ni?ul?tiv?, guilt-l?d?n ?h?n?nig?n?. D?nt give in to th?ir ????iv? demands or r??u??t? f?r ??m??th?. This ??r??n i? ?n ?dult. R?mind th?m ?f that, and how th?? are ??rf??tl? ?bl? to ???? with your d??i?i?n ?r actions.5. Th?? diminish ??ur ?r?bl?m? or diffi?ulti??Emotional m?ni?ul?t?r? dont ??r? mu?h about ??ur ?r?bl?m?, unless th?? can u?? th ?m ?? a platform to highlight their own situation. “You think you h?d it bad sitting in tr?ffi? today? Did ??u ever think ?b?ut h?w I have t? d??l with tr?ffi? ?v?r? day? It t?k?? ???r? off m? lif?. B? th?nkful ??u only h?d to d??l with it t?d??.”“Gosh, th?t? terrible ??u ?nd ??ur m?m h?d a fight. Well, just be thankful ??u h?v? a m?m. My mom is d??d, and even when ?h? was alive, w? fought much more th?n ??u and your m?m d?. It ?lm??t felt lik? I n?v?r had a m?m.”If ??u ??int ?ut h?w they just turned the t?bl??, th?? will lik?l? try t? m?k? ??u l??k ??lfi?h and ?itiful.Th?? w?uld ?v?n m?k? it seem like ??u are m??king th?m ?r not t?king th?ir problems serious, even after th?? h?v? pointed ?ut th?t th?ir? w?? m?r? severe than ??ur?. They w?nt ??kn?wl?dg? their narcissistic behaviour ?r reframe th? ??nv?r??ti?n around ??ur ??in or diffi?ult?. It just h?? t? be th?m.H?w t? r???t: Th?r?? not mu?h ??u ??n d? in these ?itu?ti?n? ?x???t w?lk away ?nd find someone else wh? i? m?r? ? ?ring, ??m????i?n?t?, ?nd mature. D?nt ?x???? ??ur vuln?r?biliti?? to ??m??n? who tramples all ?v?r th?m.6. They Pr?t?nd to h?l? ??u ?v?n wh?n ??u dont need h?l?Initi?ll?, they will ?h?w ??g?rn??? t? h?l? but ?n?? th?? start th? h?l?ing, you b?gin t? n?ti?? how th?? begin to sigh, and groan, ?nd then finally, they b?gin t? suggest that wh?t?v?r th?? ?gr??d t? do, i? not w?rth it.Th?? w?uld continue t? m?k? subtle ??m?l?int? th?t ?r? usually ????m??ni?d by sarcasm ?nd wh?t not.If ??u ?hin? a spotlight on th?ir r?lu?t?n?? to ??m?l?t? wh?t they volunteered to d? and ?uit whining, th??’ll turn it ?r?und ?n ??u, ???uring ??u th?t, of ??ur??, th?? want to h?l? ?nd th?t you’re ju?t b?ing ??r?n?id.Th?? ??int ?ut th?t it’s hard but th?t they are doing it ??rf??tl?. Th?? want ??u to ??? th?t th?? ?r? ?uff?ring f?r you. Th?? want you t? feel like th? j?b i? ?? diffi?ult that it literally f??l? lik? t?king a bull?t, and th?? t??k that bull?t f?r you. Th? idea i? t? make you f??l guilt? ?n d ind?bt?d t? th?m.How to react: In thi? ????, ??u t?ll th?m ??u ??n ??? that th?? dont want to h?l?, th?? will try t? m?ni?ul?t? ??u furth?r. Y?u will see ?ign? ?f ?m?ti?n?l ?bu?? if h? tells ??u th?t ??u are being unr????n?bl?, ?? he r??ll? w?nt? t? help. In order t? h?ndl? thi? situation, ??u ?h?uld ?im?l? ign?r? his ?igh?. Another ??ti?n i? t? confront him, but he will only tr? t? m?ni?ul?t? ??u ?v?n more.7. Th?? ?r? Indir??tEm?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?t?r? ?r? experts in indir??tn???.Thi? means th?t th?? will t?lk b?hind your b??k, th?? will m?ni?ul?t? ?th?r? int? ???ing wh?t th?? are ?fr?id to say, ?nd th?? will find sneaky w??? t? l?t you know th?t they are unh????.Th?? ?r? just n?t dir??t in ?n?w??. Th?? always find ?n indir??t w?? ?f hurting ??u, so it’s n?v?r th?ir fault.Th?? d?lib?r?t?l? decide t? not r????nd t? your calls, t?xt messages, ?m?il?, ?r ?th?r dir??t inquiries, ju?t t? show ??u that they ?r? m?d ?t ??u or with wh?t you did.They would n?v?r directly t?ll you h?w ??u hu rt th?m because it w?uld be ?b?urd t? ?v?n say it ?l?ud.Th?r?f?r?, they ?h??? to ign?r? ??u or giv? you the ?il?nt tr??tm?nt. Th?ir intent is to place doubt ?nd uncertainty in ??ur mind, and th?n you b?gin t? wonder where and wh?t ??u did wrong.How t? r???t: If you tr? t? confront ?m?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?t?r? th?t exhibit thi? sign, th?? will ??? something lik? you cant expect the w?rld t? stop ju?t b???u?? ??u ?r? busy. The truth is th?t th?r? arent many responses you ??uld give. In f??t, there is n? r????n t? giv? a r????n??. Just get rid ?f the ??r??n in ?u??ti?n.8. Th?? make ?ubtl? thr??t? or use ?ggr???iv? l?ngu?g?This type ?f m?ni?ul?t?r might u?? a l?ud v?i?? or ?t?nd v?r? ?l??? t? you wh?n talking.The t?n? of v?i?? i? meant to f?r?? you to ???ui???? and di???ntinu? th? d?b?t?. The body l?ngu?g? thi? manipulator ?xhibit? i? m??nt t? b? imposing ?nd ???r???iv?. If th?? ?r? n?t ?f l?rg? stature, th?? m?? ???iti?n th?m??lv?? above ??u ?n a ?t?? ?r stand ?v?r ??u whil? ??u ?r? seated.T h?? may ?l?? u?? l?rg? h?nd gestures with ?l?t ?f f??t movements, especially near ??ur f???. Th??? are ?l?? m??nt to intimid?t? ?nd ???r?? ??u into ??ting as th?? dir??t. They might ?v?n resolve to ?utright ?h??i??l vi?l?n??.Ex?m?les m?? in?lud?, your wife h?ving a t?m??r t?ntrum every tim? you bring u? her ?v?r-???nding lif??t?l?. Or m??b? ??ur husband raises hi? v?i?? and slams doors when ??u d? ??m?thing h? d???nt lik?. Ov?r time, th? m?ni?ul?t?r l??rn? all he ?r ?h? has to d? i? get a bit ?r?z? ?nd things will g? th?ir w??.H?w t? r???t: Unl??? ??u f??r ?h??i??l vi?l?n??, ??ll th?m ?ut ?n thi? b?h?vi?ur. If this escalates th? ?ng?r ?r ?ggr???iv?n???, l??v? th? room ?r th? house ?ntir?l?. If ?ng?r ?nd ?ggr???i?n i? l?ft unchecked, it can turn t? m?r? harmful b?h?vi?ur?. Demand counselling ?? the manipulator ??n see clearly wh?t th?? are d?ing ?nd h?w t? ?h?ng? their b?h?vi?ur?.9. Th?? Di??l?? N?g?tiv? Humor ?nd N?g?tiv? ?ur?ri???, giving ??u littl? ?r N? Time t? DecideS?m? m?ni?ul ?t?r? lik? t? m?k? ?riti??l r?m?rk?, ?ft?n disguised ?? hum?r ?r sarcasm, to make ??u ???m inf?ri?r and less ???ur?.Examples can include ?n? variety ?f comments r?nging from your ?????r?n??, to ??ur background ?nd ?r?d?nti?l?.B? m?king ??u look bad, ?nd g?tting ??u to feel bad, th? m?ni?ul?t?r hopes to ?h?w hi? superiority ?v?r ??u. They ??uld ?l?? ?ut undu? pressure ?n ??u t? m?k? a certain d??i?i?n b?f?r? ??u’r? r??d? to even ??n?id?r it ?? an option. In the ?nd, th?ir g??l i? t? ?r?v? to ??u that their opinions ?r? fl?wl???.Some people u?? negative ?ur?ri??? t? ?ut ??u off b?l?n?? and g?in a ????h?l?gi??l advantage.Thi? ??n range from low-balling in a n?g?ti?ti?n ???n?ri?, t? a sudden request ?f ??m?thing you will not be able t? deliver in ??m? w??.T??i??ll?, th? un?x???t?d n?g?tiv? information ??m?? with?ut warning, ?? ??u h?v? little time to ?r???r? and ??unt?r th?ir m?v?. Th? m?ni?ul?t?r m?? ask for ?dditi?n?l ??n????i?n? fr?m you in ?rd?r to ??ntinu? w?rking with ??u.How t? r???t: St?nd u? f?r ??ur??lf, b?ldl? ?nd ??lit? t?ll him/h?r ??u don’t lik? their sense ?f hum?r. If he/she however w?nt? t? force you int? m?king a h??t? d??i?i?n, t?ll th?m you would think about it, using tim? t? ??ur ?dv?nt?g?.EM?TI?N?L M?NI?UL?TI?N IN R?L?TI?N?HI?? The fr?? ?nd ??f? ?x?r???i?n of your id??? ?nd dreams ?r? ??rt ?f what makes a relationship h??lth?.Wh?n two people can d? this with each other, r?l? and ?u???rt ???h ?th?r, th?? form th? basis ?f a h??lth? lif?. R?l?ti?n?hi?? ?r? not ?lw??? ??u?l or evenly balanced every d??, but ?v?r tim?, ?v?r?thing ??u?l? ?ut.T?d?? might b? ?b?ut ??u and th?n t?m?rr?w ?ll ?b?ut him. But in th? ???? where it’s always ?b?ut ??ur ??rtn?r ?nd you n?v?r get support during ??ur times ?f tr?ubl?, look ?ut, ??u might b? in a r?l?ti?n?hi? with someone that i? emotionally m?ni?ul?tiv?.One ??r??n might ?r?vid? th? ?m?ti?n?l support whil? th? ?th?r is going thr?ugh ?ri?i?. In tim?, the ?ri?i? will ?nd and th? ?u???rtiv? ??r??n will b???m ? th? r??i?i?nt ?f support.Ev?r??n? takes their turn. The mutu?l r?????t tw? individu?l? in a r?l?ti?n?hi? h?v? f?r one ?n?th?r helps th?m m?int?in ??r??n?l b?und?ri?? whil? gr?wing t?g?th?r. R?l?ti?n?hi?? where ?n? ??rt? freely ?nd ??ntinu?u?l? abuses the ?th?r isn’t a g??d r?l?ti?n?hi? ?t ?ll.Emotional manipulation h?? n? place in a h??lth?, nurturing relationship. You and ??ur ??rtn?r are fr?? t? express your n??d? and opinions. N? ?n? ?h?uld be ???r??d ?r manipulated int? ??ting in a ??rt?in w??. Em?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?ti?n is d?ng?r?u? t? r?l?ti?n?hi?? b???u?? it f?r??? people to alter their behaviour f?r th? wr?ng reasons.B?h?vi?ur? b???d on guilt ?r f??r? are not genuine.Will ??u lik? ??m??n? t? l?v? ??u b???u?? they ?r? ?fr?id n?t t??Em?ti?n?l manipulation ?ut? ?ll th? power into th? m?ni?ul?t?r’? h?nd? ?nd leaves the ?th?r party f??ling w??k and vuln?r?bl?. At ?n? time, the manipulator might unleash his wrath, r?fu?? t? t?lk ?r ?im?l? w?lk out ?f th? relationship.Em?ti?n?l m ?ni?ul?tiv? r?l?ti?n?hi?? ?r? just ?? b?d ?? ?h??i??ll? ?bu?iv? relationships, if n?t w?r??.H?W EM?TI?N?L MANIPULATION ?FF??T? ??U, MENTALLY ?ND ?H??I??LL?P???l? wh? are vi?tim? of ?m?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?ti?n ?r? m?d? t? feel ?m?ll ?nd powerless.Wh?n ??m??n? ?u?h?? ??u around ?ll th? tim?, ??u ?t?rt t? believe that ??u ?r? w??k. Em?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?t?r? ??u?? a r?du?ti?n in ??ur self-esteem b? ??n?t?ntl? reminding ??u ?f your ?h?rt??ming?.Th?n, m?ni?ul?t?r? d?v?l?? a tr?m?nd?u? sense of ??w?r. Wh?th?r th?? are ??n??i?u? ?f it or not, th?? ??? th?t th?? g?t their way all th? time ?nd b?gin t? d?v?l?? a god ??m?l?x, b?li?ving th?t their w?? i? always b??t and th?t it’? n?tur?l ?nd right f?r th?m t? h?v? ??w?r over the ?th?r person.Mental h??lth i??u??, ????ifi??ll? ?nxi?t? ?nd depression, can be ?x???rb?t?d b? ?m?ti?n?l manipulation.Th? vi?tim ?f the m?ni?ul?ti?n b?gin? to anticipate attacks fr?m the m?ni?ul?t?r as if th?? were ?h??i??l. Str??? builds each time th?ir manipulator yells, giv ?? th?m the silent treatment or utilizes ?th?r manipulating tactics.Th?r?’? a constant f??r th?t vuln?r?biliti?? will b? ?x????d ?r ?x?l?it?d.Emotional m?ni?ul?ti?n ?l?? l??d? t? depression. R??ulting for th?t f??ling ?f ??w?rl???n??? wh?n?v?r ??u ?r? abused. The m?ni?ul?ti?n points ?ut flaws, mi?t?k?? and vulnerabilities th?t ??u aren’t ?r?ud ?f.H?ving these things held u? t? ??ur f??? repeatedly ??n dimini?h ??ur ??n?? ?f ??lf-w?rth. It’? easy t? b?li?v? th? m?ni?ul?t?r i? right ?b?ut ??u, and the depression sets in.Sh?rt-T?rm Eff??t? ?f Em?ti?n?l AbuseSh?rt-t?rm ?ff??t? ?f ?n emotionally ?bu?iv? husband ?r wif? ?ft?n h?v? t? d? with th? ?ur?ri?? ?f b?ing in the ?itu?ti?n ?r the questioning ?f just how th? situation ?r???.Some ?m?ti?n?l ?bu??r? d? n?t ?h?w th?ir ?bu?iv? ?id?? until w?ll into a r?l?ti?n?hi?/m?rri?g?. Hu?b?nd? ?r wiv?? may find th?m??lv?? ?h??k?d to ??? the n?w, ?m?ti?n?ll? ?bu?iv? b?h?vi?r.Th? b?h?vi?r and thoughts ?f the vi?tim th?n ?h?ng? in r????n?? t? the ?bu??.Sh?rt-t?rm ?ff??t? ?f ?m?ti?n?l ?bu?? in?lud?:Sur?ri?? ?nd ??nfu?i?nQu??ti?ning ?f ?n?? ?wn m?m?r?, did th?t r??ll? h????n?Anxiety or f??r; hyper-vigilanceSh?m? ?r guiltAggression (?? a d?f?n?iv? m??h?ni?m t? th? abusive behaviors)B???ming ?v?rl? passive or compliantFr??u?nt cryingAvoidance of eye ??nt??tFeeling ??w?rl??? ?nd d?f??t?d ?? nothing ??u d? ?v?r ???m? to b? right (l??rn?d h?l?l???n???)F??ling like youre w?lking ?n eggshellsFeeling m?ni?ul?t?d, u??d and ??ntr?ll?dF??ling und??ir?dA ??rtn?r m?? ?l?? find th?m??lv?? tr?ing t? d? anything ????ibl? t? bring the relationship back t? the w?? it was before th? ?bu??.L?ng-T?rm Eff??t? ?f Em?ti?n?l Abu??In l?ng-t?rm ?m?ti?n?ll? ?bu?iv? ?itu?ti?n?, the vi?tim h?? such l?w ??lf-??t??m that th?? often f??l th?? ??nn?t leave th?ir ?bu??r ?nd th?t they are n?t worthy ?f a n?n-?bu?iv? relationship.Adult ?m?ti?n?l ?bu?? leads to th? victim believing th? t?rribl? thing? th?t th? ?bu??r ???? ?b?ut him/h?r. Emotional ?bu?? vi?tim? of ten think theyre g?ing crazy.Eff??t? ?f l?ng-t?rm ?m?ti?n?l ?bu?? by significant others, boyfriends or girlfri?nd? include:D??r???i?nWithdr?w?lL?w self-esteem ?nd ??lf-w?rthEmotional in?t?bilit?Sleep disturbancesPh??i??l ??in without ??u??Sui?id?l id??ti?n, thoughts or ?tt?m?t?Extr?m? dependence on th? ?bu??rUnd?r??hi?v?m?ntIn?bilit? t? tru?tF??ling tr????d and aloneSub?t?n?? ?bu??St??kh?lm ??ndr?m? is ?l?? ??mm?n in long-term ?bu?? ?itu?ti?n?.In Stockholm ??ndr?m?, th? victim i? so t?rrifi?d of th? ?bu??r th?t h?/?h? ?v?rl? id?ntifi?? ?nd becomes b?nd?d with th? ?bu??r in ?n ?tt?m?t t? stop the ?bu??. The victim will ?v?n d?f?nd th?ir abuser ?nd th?ir ?m?ti?n?ll? abusive actions.H?W TO DEAL WITH EMOTIONAL MANIPULATION D???it? b?ing diffi?ult, ??u ??n ??tu?ll? ?t?? ?m?ti?n?l m?ni?ul?ti?n?.1. Know Y?ur Fund?m?nt?l Human RightsTh? single m??t im??rt?nt guid?lin? when ??u’r? d??ling with an emotional m?ni?ul?tiv? person i? to know your rights, and recognize wh?n th??’r? being vi?l? t?d. Y?u h?v? the right t? ?t?nd u? f?r ??ur??lf and d?f?nd ??ur rights.Th??? ?r? ??m? ?f ?ur fundamental human right?.You h?v? th? right:To b? tr??t?d with r?????t.T? express ??ur feelings, opinions ?nd w?nt?.T? set your ?wn ?ri?riti??.T? say “no” without feeling guilty.T? g?t wh?t you ??? f?r.T? h?v? ??ini?n? diff?r?nt th?n ?th?r?.T? t?k? care ?f ?nd ?r?t??t ??ur??lf fr?m b?ing thr??t?n?d ?h??i??ll?, m?nt?ll? ?r emotionally.T? ?r??t? ??ur ?wn happy and h??lth? life.These fund?m?nt?l human right? represent ??ur boundaries.Our ???i?t? i? riddl?d with l?t ?f ????l? wh? d? n?t r?????t our fund?m?nt?l hum?n right? n?r ?ur b?und?ri??. Em?ti?n?l manipulators, in particular, want t? deprive ??u ?f ??ur right? ?? th?? ??n ??ntr?l ?nd take ?dv?nt?g? ?f ??u.N?n?th?l???, ??u have th? ??w?r ?nd m?r?l ?uth?rit? to declare that it i? you, not the m?ni?ul?t?r, wh?’? in ?h?rg? ?f your lif?.2. K??? Y?ur Di?t?n??One w?? to fish ?ut a m?ni?ul?t?r i? to find ?ut if th? ??r??n ??t? with diff?r?nt f???? and b?h?vi?ur in th? ?r???n?? ?f different ????l? ?nd in diff?r?nt ?itu?ti?n?.Lik? a shape shifter wh? i? extremely ni?? to Mr A ?nd rud? t? Mr B without breaking a ?w??t in ?u?h a n?r?i??i?ti? m?nn?r, lik? h? is ?nj??ing it.While all ?f u? h?v? a degree ?f thi? t??? ?f ???i?l differentiation, ??m? emotional manipulators t?nd t? h?bitu?ll? dw?ll in ?xtr?m??, b?ing highly polite t? one individu?l ?nd completely rud? to another or totally h?l?l??? ?n? moment ?nd fi?r??l? ?ggr???iv? th? n?xt.Wh?n you observe thi? type ?f b?h?vi?ur fr?m an individu?l ?n a r?gul?r b??i?, k??? a h??lth? distance ?nd ?v?id ?ng?ging with th? ??r??n unless ??u ?b??lut?l? h?v? to. R????n? f?r chronic psychological manipulation are ??m?l?x ?nd d???-???t?d. It i? not ??ur j?b to ?h?ng? or ??v? th?m.3. Av?id P?r??n?liz?ti?n ?nd S?lf-Bl?m?It’s n?t always ??ur f?ult.Sin?? th? m?ni?ul?t?r’? ?g?nd? i? t? l??k f?r ?nd ?x?l?it ??ur weaknesses, it i? understandable th?t ??u m?? f??l inadequate, ?r even bl?m? ??ur??lf for n?t satisfying the m?ni?ul?t?r.In th??? ?itu?ti?n?, it i? im??rt?nt to r?m?mb?r th?t ??u ?r? n?t th? problem; you are ?im?l? b?ing m?ni?ul?t?d to f??l b?d ?b?ut yourself, in ?rd?r t? m?k? you more lik?l? t? ?urr?nd?r your ??w?r and right?.C?n?id?r ??ur relationship with th? manipulator, ?nd ??k th? f?ll?wing ?u??ti?n?:Am I b?ing tr??t?d with g?nuin? r?????t?Are thi? person’s ?x???t?ti?n? ?nd d?m?nd? of m? reasonable?I? th? giving in this r?l?ti?n?hi? ?rim?ril? ?n? w?? ?r tw? w????Ultim?t?l?, do I feel g??d about m???lf in this r?l?ti?n?hi??Do I ?v?n h?v? t? be in this r?l?ti?n?hi?Y?ur ?n?w?r? to these ?u??ti?n? give ??u im??rt?nt ?lu?? ?b?ut wh?th?r th? “problem” in th? r?l?ti?n?hi? is with ??u ?r the other ??r??n.For m?r? in-d??th inf?rm?ti?n ?n reducing ?r ?limin?ting ?v?r fifteen types ?f negative ?ttitud?? and f??ling?, ??? H?w t? L?t Go ?f N?g?tiv? Th?ught? and Emotions”4. Put th? Focus ?n Them b? Asking Pr?bing QuestionsM?n u?. Inevitably, ?m?ti?n?l manip ulators will m?k? requests (or d?m?nd?) of you.Th??? “?ff?r?” often m?k? you g? out ?f ??ur w?? to m??t th?ir needs as u?u?l. Wh?n ??u hear an unr????n?bl? solicitation, it’s sometimes useful t? ?ut the f??u? back ?n the m?ni?ul?t?r b? ??king a f?w ?r?bing ?u??ti?n?, t? ??? if ?h? ?r he h?? ?n?ugh ??lf-?w?r?n??? to r???gniz? the in??uit? ?f th?ir ??h?m?. For ?x?m?l?:“Does thi? ???m r????n?bl? to ??u?”“D??? that ??und f?ir to you?”“Do I have a say in thi??”“Ar? ??u ??king me ?r t?lling me?”“So, wh?t d? I get ?ut ?f thi??”“Ar? ??u really expecting me to [restate the in??uit?bl? request]?H?v? ??u ??n?id?r?d h?w thi? m?k?? m? f??l?Would you really do that f?r me if th? ?itu?ti?n w?? r?v?r??d?When ??u ask such ?u??ti?n?, ??u ?r? ?utting u? a mirr?r, ?? th? m?ni?ul?t?r can ??? the tru? n?tur? of his or h?r ?l??. If the manipulator has a degree ?f ??lf-?w?r?n???, h? ?r she will lik?l? withdraw th? d?m?nd and b??k down.On th? ?th?r h?nd, truly pathological manipu lators (such as a narcissist) will dismiss ??ur questions ?nd in?i?t ?n getting their w??. If thi? occurs, ???l? id??? from the f?ll?wing ti?? t? k??? ??ur ??w?r, and h?lt th? m?ni?ul?ti?n or simply l??v? if that is ?n ??ti?n.5. Use Time to Y?ur Adv?nt?g?In ?dditi?n to unreasonable r??u??t?, th? manipulator will ?ft?n ?l?? ?x???t an ?n?w?r fr?m ??u right away, t? maximize their pressure ?nd control ?v?r you in the ?itu?ti?n. (S?l?? ????l? ??ll thi? “closing th? deal.)During these m?m?nt?, in?t??d of responding t? the m?ni?ul?t?r’? request right ?w??, consider l?v?r?ging tim? t? ??ur ?dv?nt?g?, and di?t?n?ing ??ur??lf fr?m his ?r her immediate influ?n??. Y?u can exercise leadership ?v?r the ?itu?ti?n ?im?l? by saying:“I’ll think ?b?ut it.” Consider h?w powerful th??? f?w w?rd? are fr?m a customer t? a ??l????r??n ?r from a r?m?nti? prospect t? ?n ??g?r ?ur?u?r ?r fr?m a wife to a manipulative hu?b?nd.Fir?t, it will ?ut th?m in ?h??k ?? if they just lost th?ir super powers. Take th? time you n??d t? evaluate th? ?r?? ?nd ??n? ?f a situation, ?nd ??n?id?r wh?th?r ??u w?nt t? n?g?ti?t? a m?r? ??uit?bl? ?rr?ng?m?nt, ?r if ??u’r? better ?ff b? ???ing “no,” whi?h l??d? u? t? ?ur next ??int.6. Kn?w H?w to S?? “N?”?Di?l?m?ti??ll? But FirmlyTo b? ?bl? t? ??? “n?” di?l?m?ti??ll? but firml? is t? practice the ?rt of ??mmuni??ti?n.Eff??tiv?l? ?rti?ul?t?d, it ?ll?w? you t? ?t?nd ??ur gr?und whil? maintaining a w?rk?bl? r?l?ti?n?hi?. R?m?mb?r th?t ??ur fundamental hum?n right? include the right to ??t your own ?ri?riti??, the right t? say “n?” without feeling guilt?, ?nd the right t? choose ??ur own h???? and h??lth? lif?.If you ?v?ntu?ll? ??? n?, be sure t? add a f?w r????n? why ?nd say it with ?uth?rit? ?nd ??nfid?n?? with a littl? smile on ??ur f???. Trust m?, th?? w?uldn’t know wh?t hit them.7. C?nfr?nt Bulli??, S?f?l?A psychological manipulator also b???m?? a bull? wh?n h? ?r ?h? intimid?t?? or h?rm? another person.Th? most im??rt?nt thing to k??? in mind ?b?ut bulli?? i? th?t th?? ?i?k ?n th??? wh?m they perceive ?? w??k?r, so ?? long ?? ??u remain ????iv? ?nd ??m?li?nt, ??u make yourself a t?rg?t.But m?n? bulli?? are ?l?? ??w?rd?. Wh?n th?ir targets begin to show ??m? ??rt of b??kb?n? ?nd stand u? f?r th?ir right?, th? bull? will ?ft?n back d?wn. Thi? i? tru? in ??h??l??rd?, as w?ll as in d?m??ti? ?nd office ?nvir?nm?nt?.On ?n ?m??th?ti? note, studies show th?t m?n? bulli?? ?r? vi?tim? of violence th?m??lv??. Thi? in no w?? ?x?u??? bullying behaviour, but may h?l? you ??n?id?r the bull? in a m?r? equanimous light:Wh?n ????l? dont lik? themselves very mu?h, th?? have t? m?k? u? for it. Th? classic bull? w?? actually a vi?tim first.”â€"Tom Hiddl??t?n “S?m? ????l? tr? to b? tall b? ?utting off th? h??d? ?f others.”â€"Paramhansa Yogananda “I r??liz?d that bullying never has to d? with ??u. It? th? bull? whos in???ur?.” â€"Sh?? Mit?h?ll When ??nfr?nting bulli??, b? ?ur? to place ??ur??lf in a ???iti?n wh?r? you can ??f?l? protect yourself, wh?th?r it’? ?t?nding t?ll ?n your ?wn, h?ving ?th?r ????l? ?r???nt t? witness and ?u???rt, or k???ing a paper trail ?f th? bull?’? in???r??ri?t? b?h?vi?r.In ????? of physical, v?rb?l, ?r ?m?ti?n?l abuse, ??n?ult with counselling, legal, l?w enforcement, ?r ?dmini?tr?tiv? ?r?f???i?n?l?. It’s im??rt?nt t? stand u? t? bulli??, and ??u d?n’t h?v? t? d? it alone.8. S?t ConsequencesWhen a ????h?l?gi??l m?ni?ul?t?r insists on vi?l?ting your b?und?ri??, and won’t t?k? “no” f?r ?n ?n?w?r, deploy ??n???u?n??.Th? ability t? identify ?nd assert ??n???u?n??(?) is ?n? of the m??t im??rt?nt ?kill? you ??n u?? t? ?t?nd down a difficult ??r??n. Eff??tiv?l? ?rti?ul?t?d, ??n???u?n?? gives ??u?? t? the m?ni?ul?tiv? individual, ?nd compels her ?r him t? shift fr?m violation to r?????t.

The Council of Constance History, Significance, Impact

The Council of Constance (1414 to 1418) was an ecumenical council called by Pope John XXIII at the request of Sigismund, King of the Romans, to resolve the Great Schism, a near century-long split in the Catholic Church that resulted in Rome and the French stronghold of Avignon. A previous 1409 council in Pisa failed to resolve the problem, and by 1414, there were three claimants for the papacy: John XXIII in Pisa, Gregory XII in Rome, and Benedict XIII in Avignon. The council further sought to suppress a reform movement led by Jan Hus. Fast Facts: Council of Constance Description: Meeting of members of the Catholic Church designed to end the Great  Schism, as well as quash an insurgency led by dissident Jan HusKey Participants: Sigismund (King of the Romans), Pope John XXIII, Jan HusStart Date:  November 1414End Date: April 1418Location: Konstanz, Germany A Trap for Foxes On seeing Constance from a high hill, John XXIII was said to have declared that it looked â€Å"like a trap for foxes.† He had been reluctant to call a council at all and was particularly unhappy it was being held in Constance, a lakeside town of about 8,000 people located in the Alps, far from his allies in Italy. But Constance (Konstanz in German) was accessible to delegates from all over Europe and was some distance from the various popes’ key power bases in Italy and France. Constance also boasted a large warehouse that could seat the council, which was comprised of approximately 29 cardinals, 134 abbots, 183 bishops, and 100 doctors of law and divinity. This was the largest such council in the medieval era, and it brought tens of thousands of people to the  small town, including representatives from as far south as Ethiopia and as far east as Russia. Entertainers, merchants, and prostitutes flooded the area to serve the needs of the dignitaries and their entourages.  Ã‚   The official start of the Council was delayed until Christmas Eve,  1414, when Sigismund made a dramatic entry by crossing Lake Constance by boat just in time for midnight mass. Even before the council convened, Sigismund had become convinced that the only way to resolve the issue was to remove all three popes and select a single pope to rule from Rome. He quickly won many council members to his point of view. Three Popes Fall Friends warned John XXIII before he left Italy: â€Å"You may go to Constance a pope, but you will come home a common man. He was the only one of the three popes to make the journey in person, on the slim hope that his presence might earn him good will and allow him to stay in power. But once in Constance, he had a falling out with Sigismund. He was further hobbled by a decision by the Council in February 1415  to vote in blocs as â€Å"nations,† giving delegations like England, which sent about two dozen people, the same power as his hundred or so Italian supporters. Finally, detractors began spreading rumors about his immoral behavior as pope, opening the possibility of the Council excommunicating him and removing him from power. John stalled for time, promising to resign in a statement in early March 1415. Then, on March 20, he disguised himself as a workman and slipped out of the city for the refuge of a supporter in Austria. He was arrested in late April and returned to Constance. He was formally deposed as pope on May 29, and died in captivity on Dec. 22, 1419. Pope Gregory, who many believed had the strongest claim to the papacy, decided not to fight the Council. He resigned on July 4, 1415, and soon retreated to peaceful obscurity. Benedict refused to follow Gregory’s example. Even a summit with Sigismund in the summer of 1417 couldn’t persuade him. The Council finally lost patience, excommunicating him in July of that year and ending over a century of Avignon papacy. Benedict took refuge in the Kingdom of Aragon, which recognized him as pope until his death in 1423. With all three popes removed, the Council formed a conclave and selected Oddone Colonna, who had traveled to Constance with John XXIII and later took part in his removal, as the new and singular pope in November 1417. In honor of his election on St. Martin’s Day, he took the name Martin V and would work towards healing the wounds of the Schism until his death in 1431. The Martyrdom of Jan Hus As the Council worked to resolve the Great  Schism, they also took an aggressive step to quash a growing insurgency out of  Bohemia.   Jan Hus, a Catholic theologian from Bohemia,  had been critical, which sparked  a vocal reform movement. Hus was invited to Constance under a safe-conduct pass from Sigismund in the hopes of resolving the tensions between himself the Church. He arrived in the city on Nov. 3, 1414, and for the next several weeks was able to move around freely. On November 28, he was arrested and imprisoned, following a false rumor  that he was planning to flee. He was held in confinement until trial in early June 1415. During Huss  trial, supporters urged him to recant his beliefs in hopes of saving his life. He insisted that he would recant only if his dissident views were proven to be in error. He told his judges: â€Å"I appeal to Jesus Christ, the only judge who is almighty and completely just. In His hands I plead my cause, not on the basis of false witnesses and erring councils, but on truth and justice. On July 6, 1415, Hus was taken to the cathedral dressed in his priest’s robes. An Italian prelate preached a sermon on heresy and then condemned Hus from the pulpit. Hus was stripped of his robes, and a paper cone inscribed with the word Haeresiarcha (leader of a heretical movement) was put on his head before he was burned at the stake. Aftermath The Council of Constance concluded in April 1418. They had resolved the Great  Schism, but the execution of Hus sparked an uprising among his followers, the Hussites, that lasted for almost 30 years. In 1999, Pope John Paul II expressed his â€Å"deep regret for the cruel death inflicted on Hus† and praised  the reformers â€Å"moral courage.† Resources and Further Reading Stump, Phillip H. The Reforms of the Council of Constance (1414-1418). Brill, 1994.Wylie, James Hamilton. The Council of Constance to the Death of Jan Hus. Longmans, 1914.

Differences in Accounting Policies in US and UK Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Tesco plc has presented the company s financial statements in compliance with IFRS as per the requirement of the European Commission. An analysis of the accounting policies mentioned in both the companies annual reports, reveals several significant reporting differences reflective of the accounting standards followed by the companies. Tesco plc has reported the company s goodwill as an asset at the date of acquisition while apportioning it to every single cash-generating business unit that is expected to benefit from it. The company doesn t record the amortization of goodwill as per the rules of IAS 36/39 and IFRS 3; rather it reviews the impairment of goodwill on an annual basis at the minimum owing to the recoverable amount of all the cash-generating units associated with goodwill. If the company sells off any goodwill associated subsidiary, it records the attributable amount of goodwill as gain or loss on disposal i. e., as the extraordinary gains or losses (Tesco plc, Accounting Policies Note, p48). In order to test the good for any impairment, the company utilizes cash flow projection method to estimate the recoverable value of cash-generating units while assuming the values for discount rates, growth rates and the expected change in margins. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences in Accounting Policies in US and UK or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Target Corporation has presented goodwill along with the other intangible assets at the value of acquisition cost less amortization as it is allowed under the US GAAP. The amortization is recorded on the straight-line method. The company also has a policy of not amortizing some of its assets and reviews them annually for impairment tests. Target Corporation uses the discounted cash flow models to test the goodwill for impairment on the fair value (Target Corporation, Note 15, p31). The deferred tax policy of Tesco plc accounts for temporary discrepancies between the amounts of assets and liabilities while using the Balance Sheet liability method. The company calculates the deferred tax on the basis of expected rates and is reflected in the income statement.

Economic Government and Law Free Essays

Name: Miss Lalita Middle Name Leila Surname Miller Student Number: 9091439387H Year: 8, SD, WB Teacher Name/Code: Kruske/KRUSKO Subject: SOSE Essay about Economics, Government and the law Why is it important for students to learn about economics, government and the law in preparation for becoming responsible and active Australian citizens? Student needs to learn about economics, government and the law so they become a responsible citizen. Economics teaches us about budgeting and the different between needs and wants. It helps peoples make wise decisions with their money choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Government and Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now We need to know about the government so we can vote wisely and understand levels of government and their duties. We need to learn about the law so we understand it and we don’t break it. Study economic should help a student to become more financially responsible and will help them make more informed decisions as both a consumer and as a voter. Studying government will help students to know their responsibilities as a citizen of that country and studying law will develop their determination, commitment, intellect and stamina. Studying economics should help a student to become more financially responsible because Economics is best described as the study of humans behaving in response to having only limited resources to fulfil unlimited wants and needs. All humans have their rights and their responsibility. So it is important for students to learn about economic so they understand it, so they know â€Å"how to spend† â€Å"what to spend† â€Å"what we should spend our money on† and â€Å"how are they going to make more profit†. If you have a good understanding of economics you can know the different between needs and wants, know how to manage your budgeting. You can do comparison shopping to get the best deals at the best price so you can save more money. You can understand about business and be able to spot and understand the importance of secondary effects. By understanding the economic you can make better decisions about your personal life and make you more valuable to business. Understanding how government and the political system in Australia work should lead to more active citizenship because it will make us to be aware on what the officials are doing in our country, maybe we don’t know that they were taking our money (in short corrupting) so that’s why we need to be aware and alert. And so that’s why we also have a media for us to have details on what happening in our government. So we know how it runs. So we can make an educated decision when it comes to voting. This means that you are not just going to make your voting decision on a speech  or  TV program  that you see. You are going to be able to have a clear understanding of the different policies which are in place and you can compare one party  to another, ensuring you make the right decision for yourself. Understanding how government works can help us make an  educated decision when it comes to voting so we can be able to control the future of our country, including political movements and government  decision making. Studying  government  is going to ensure that you can make a  difference. It helps us understand the levels of government and our rights. Studying the law will help students to understand the law and obey it in a responsible manner. We need to learn about the law because Laws are very important for human beings to live a dignified and secured lifestyle. Laws provide us a sense of security. Understanding how the legal system works can help us understand our rights and know how the parliament makes the laws. It allows us to protect ourselves against tyranny, and it also allows us to make sure that we are acting lawfully at all times. It dramatically enhances the quality of our life. Studying law will help us understand how common law is shaped by precedent and statute law is made by Parliament It is important for students to learn about economics, government and the law because it prepares them for becoming responsible and active Australia citizens. We need to know what we want and what we need so we don’t spend our money on unnecessary things. We learn about government so we vote wisely, so we understand them. We need to know about law so we know our right, we do the right thing so we don’t break the law. We need to learn all these to make informed decisions. We are the future of this country. We need to do the right thing so others can follow. So Australia will have the best quality of people. Assessor 1. Mrs. Robyne Kruske/10 2. Mr. Jack Chalmers/10 3. Mrs. Bella Morita Bensherks/10 4. Mr. Steven Loxton/10 5. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. How to cite Economic Government and Law, Papers

To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee (1926 - ) Essays -

To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1926 - ) To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1926 - ) Type of Work: Symbolic drama Setting Southern Alabama; early 1930s Principal Characters Atticus Fitch, an attorney and single parent Scout (Jean Louise Finch), his daughter, a young six-year old tomboy (and the story's narrator) Jem (Jeremy Finch), Scout's older brother Arthur "Boo" Radley, a mysterious, reclusive neighbor Tom Robinson, Atticus' Negro client Story Overveiw When Jem was nearly 13 years old his arm was badly broken at the elbow. After it healed and Jem was assured that he could still play football, his arm never bothered him - though it always remained shorter than the right, and hung at a funny angle. Years later, Jem and his sister, Scout, still talked about the accident and the events leading up to it. They finally agreed it had all started the summer when they tried to get Arthur "Boo" Radley to come out of his house. Jem and Scout lived in Maycomb, Alabama, a drowsy, isolated town where everyone knew everyone. Their mother had died when Scout was two years old. Calpurnia, a Negro cook, took care of them and taught them tolerance that took them beyond the rigid prejudices of Maycomb society' Their wise father, an attorney, Atticus Finch, played with them and read them stories. In fact, Scout learned to read before going to school which later caused trouble with her teacher, who didn't think early reading fit into proper educational theory. During the summer when Scout was six and Jem was ten, the children became fascinated with the Radley place next door. Most of the community's young people believed the house was haunted. At night children would cross the street rather than walk in front of the Radley house. Nuts that fell from the Radley pecan tree into the school yard were never eaten; surely, Radley nuts would kill you. A baseball hit into the Radley yard was a lost ball. Scout and Jem raced past the property on their way to or from school. The only person seen going in and out of the dwelling was old Nathan Radley, "the meanest man ever God blew breath into," according to Calpurnia. But inside the weathered home also lived "Boo," Nathan's younger brother. No one had seen Boo for the past twenty years. It was said that he had gotten into some "trouble" all those years ago and had been imprisoned in the house ever since first by his now dead father and then by Nathan. All that summer Scout and Jem bravely assailed the Radley home, trying to get a glimpse of Boo. They never saw him; but they did see evidence of his existence. On one occasion, Jem's torn pants (lost on a wire fence while escaping from the Radley yard) were returned to him - mended. Another night, when a fire forced the Finches out of their house, Scout, shivering in the cold, found a blanket suddenly thrust around her shoulders. "We'd better keep ... the blanket to ourselves," Atticus gently said. "Someday, maybe, Scout can thank him for covering her up." "Thank who?" Scout asked. "Boo Radley," replied her father. "You were so busy looking at the fire you didn't know it when he put the blanket around you." Atticus finally ordered his two children to stop harassing Arthur: "What Mr. Radley did was his own business. If he wanted to come out, he would. If he wanted to stay inside his own house he had the right to stay inside free from the attention of inquisitive children." Through the next fall and winter, objects began to mysteriously appear in the knot-hole of a tree on the corner of the Radley property: gum, then twine, a carved soap sculpture, Indian-head pennies, and other treasures - gifts clearly intended for Scout and Jem. Boo became even more of a puzzle. The following summer, trouble cropped up over Atticus' recent appointment as defense counsel for Tom Robinson, a Negro accused of raping a white girl, Mayella Violet Ewell. The Ewells were the lowest family in Maycomb society. But Mayelia was white and Tom was black: no matter how trashy the girl might be, her honor had to be upheld against a Negro. What angered many of the townspeople most was Atticus's attempt to truly defend Tom. Atticus and his children had several threats aimed at pressuring them to let things stay as they'd always been in the South. But Atticus felt Tom was innocent, and he would do all he could to prove it. "Every lawyer gets at least one case in his lifetime that affects him personally,"

Definition and Examples of Conduplicatio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Conduplicatio in Rhetoric Conduplicatio is a  rhetorical term for the repetition of one or more words in successive clauses. Also called  reduplicatio or reduplication. According to the Rhetorica ad Herennium (c. 90 BC), the purpose of conduplicatio is usually either amplification or an appeal to pity. Examples and Observations Where have all the flowers gone?Long time passing.Where have all the flowers gone?Long time ago.Where have all the flowers gone?Girls have picked them every one.When will they ever learn?When will they ever learn? (Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson, Where Have All the Flowers Gone?) The inherent vice of capitalism is the unequal sharing of blessings; the inherent virtue of socialism is the equal sharing of miseries. (Winston Churchill) Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God.Blessed are they that have been persecuted for righteousness sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. (Jesus, Sermon on the Mount, Matthew 5:3-10) We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. (Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, 1963) Then thou thy regal Sceptre shalt lay be,For regal Sceptre then no more shall need,God shall be All in All. But all ye Gods,Adore him, who to compass all this dies,Adore the Son, an honor him as mee. (John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book III, lines 339-343) Now the trumpet summons us againnot as a call to bear arms, though arms we neednot as a call to battle, though embattled we arebut a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. (President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961) Multiple Cases of Duplicatio Cases of conduplicatio can be combined, as in this fine case where several nouns and modifiers (empire, revenue, army, worst) are repeated to create a tightly wound effect: I allow, indeed, that the Empire of Germany raises her revenue and her troops by quotas and contingents; but the revenue of the Empire and the army of the Empire is the worst revenue and the worst army in the world.[Edmund] Burke, Speech on Conciliation With the Colonies, 1775 The double use of conduplicatio. A classic pattern in the use of this scheme involves two initial claims, each of which is then repeated with elaboration or reasons for it.... We are dregs and scum, sir: the dregs very filthy, the scum very superior.[George Bernard] Shaw, Man and Superman, 1903 (Ward Farnsworth, Farnsworths Classical English Rhetoric. David R. Godine, 2011)

5 big mistakes Googles head of HR sees on resumes

5 big mistakes Googles head of HR sees on resumes It’s a real truism in life: We often learn best from mistakes- both our mistakes and those that others have made. Humans are creatures of â€Å"trial and error†- we bravely take risks and try out new things. Sometimes we meet success; other times we hit unexpected obstacles and find failure. This tendency to make mistakes impacts all facets of life- including our search for a new job. Talk with any HR professional or hiring manager and ask them if they have any stories of folks who have absolutely fumbled the opportunity to get a new job, and chances are you’ll hear a bunch of them. Some are funny, others odd, and some will be downright sad but they’ll all have something in common- the person likely made a bad choice or neglected to do something they should have, and it wound up wrecking their chances for success.The unfortunate truth is that some people make mistakes at the very beginning of the job hunt- on their resumes- and take themselves out of conte ntion before even getting started. It happens more than you realize, and in countless ways!In fact, resume gaffes are such a pervasive problem that Laszlo Bock, former Senior Vice President of People Operations at Google, wrote a LinkedIn article about it, entitled â€Å"The Biggest Mistakes I see on Resumes and How to Correct Them.† Bock estimates that he’s personally reviewed over 20,000 resumes, so he certainly knows what he’s talking about.Let’s take a look at what he says are five of the biggest mistakes that he’s seen on resumes so you can avoid them on your job hunt.1. Bad formattingWhen it comes to foolish resume formatting Bock has seen it all, from wildly â€Å"creative† designs and outlandish fonts to splashes of color and crazy margins, all done in an effort to try and stand out from other resumes and grab the reader’s attention. Unfortunately- what you may earn in attention grabbing could cost you in another key area- eff ectively, clearly, and professionally conveying your background, experience, and skill set.Artistic bells and whistles simply don’t work on resumes. A clean, legible, and professional looking document is what works best. If you want to be taken seriously in the job market, save the creativity for your next arts and crafts project.2. Careless typosIt’s a real shame that such an avoidable problem like resume typos is such a pervasive issue, but Bock reports that a surprisingly high percentage of the resumes he’s reviewed, for positions at all levels, contain pesky typos. And good luck being taken seriously during the job hiring process if the first impression you make is someone who can’t be bothered to put in the extra effort to get such an important document correct. Typos are absolute resume killers, so be completely sure that yours is error free and in perfect shape before sending it out.3. Excessive lengthThis is a trickier problem, because the longer you’re in the job market the more things you’ll have to say about yourself. However if your document reads more like a novel then a resume, chances are it’ll either get ignored or glossed over and key parts will get overlooked. Bock has a great rule of thumb for resume length- 1 page for every 10 years of experience. Do your best to stick to this guideline, and remember that you’ll have an opportunity to say more about yourself on interviews- if you make it that far.4. Leaking confidential informationThis doesn’t happen very often, but when it does it raises big red flags. If you’ve worked with a company that handles sensitive information or have had jobs with which you’ve had confidentiality agreements, be very careful about what you put on your resume. If you cross the line and the hiring manager figures it out, your chances of moving to the next stage of the hiring process are slim to none.5. LiesHopefully this one’s obvious ! Despite what you may have heard, there are no such things as â€Å"good lies† when it comes to your resume. If you get caught making something up on your resume, there’s just no way to explain it away or cover up for it. Your chances of getting a job with a resume built on lies- no matter how small or insignificant- are effectively obliterated. Even if you wind up getting the job, if your lie is figured out sometime later you could even lose your job. Bottom line- lying is just not a good way to search for your next job.There you have it: Five of the biggest resume mistakes according to a real industry veteran and insider. Make sure you’re not committing any of these gaffes before you send out your next resume, and you’ll be one step ahead of the job-hunting crowd.

The Distribution of Primary Goods by Nozick and Rawls Essay

The Distribution of Primary Goods by Nozick and Rawls - Essay Example He contends that if individuals have acquired their share in the distribution in a fair manner, without violating the rights of other people, then the distribution is just. Since such acquisitions are made using the natural talents that individuals possess, he argues that injustice cannot contend in the allocation and use of natural talents. The system whereby such distributions have resulted are the result of gifts or acquisitions made on the basis of individual initiative, which is just, as a result, the distribution resulting out of it is also just. Rawls, however, offers a different view on the distribution of primary assets, viewing it on the basis of its end outcome. He contends that since the outcome is an unjust distribution of primary assets in society, it is morally repugnant and must be redressed through the input from social and legal establishments by providing equality in opportunity for access to those resources to all individuals. Nozick’s theory of justice is based upon the â€Å"entitlement theory of holdings†, wherein the question of justice in acquisition is determined by the manner in which the property is acquired rather than the final outcome itself. Property may be transferred either through gift giving or by free exchange selling. Both these methods are undertaken voluntarily and there is no coercion at all that is involved in one person passing on a property to another. (Nozick, 151). He argues that when land does not belong to anyone at first, then a just acquisition process would allow someone to own it legitimately and claim it as theirs, so long as they do not make anyone else worse off in the process. Nozick’s theory of justice is, therefore, a system of pure procedural justice, where the important aspect to be considered is the process and system by which distributions are made, rather than the final outcome of that distribution.

Employee Training Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee Training - Term Paper Example Some of the main force that influence a company’s training and developments are: ‘economic cycle, globalization, additional emphasis on intangible assets and human capital, focus on link to business strategy, changing demographics and delivery of work force, talent management, customer service and quality management, new technology, high-performance work systems’ (Noe, 2010, p. 10). Influence of Technology on Employee Training: As it has been just seen, that one of the forces that can influence training and development of employees in an organization is new technology. The discussion, here, is about the influence of technology on employee training and development. A look around us will show how people are getting trained on/off-jobs by computers, i-pods, i-pads; and through internet. Therefore the impact of technology is mainly on delivery of training programs. Methods of training employees also have gone through many changes due to the advancement of technology. But use of technology also follow the same basic principles of learning as the traditional methods do . for example, technologies like multimedia, interactive software etc. ‘appeal to multiple senses and allow employees to pace themselves, receive feedback and reinforcement, and find information from experts on as need basis’ (Noe, 2010, p. 337). ... Training could be delivered anywhere: at office or at home, a distant location or at hometown. Technology has given freedom to the employees of choosing when or where they receive training. They can access their training materials on need basis. A simulation of work environment at the learning environment can make employees better equipped for their job. Keeping training records, documentations and other formalities involved in employee training and development could be taken care of by computers. This will cut a lot of paperwork and official activities. Employee’s progress in the training could be better monitored (Noe, 2010, p. 297). Influence of Technology on Learning Environment: The traditional classroom learning environment is linear and not as dynamic as the technology learning process. In the traditional learning process the instructors gives information to the learners; and practice and use of the information is done after the instruction process is finished. This lea rning environment includes only the trainers and the trainees, not the experts or the resources. The learners are passive and the instructors are active members. There is a one way communication from the trainer to trainees. The learners have to wait for the instruction to end to access the resource materials and the experts that is beyond their course material. The communication among the learners happens only outside the training environment. But in a technology based learning environment the training process is dynamic and multidirectional. Here, the learner plays an active role; and the instructor plays minor role. In this learning environment the resource matter and experts are also included. Internet has made a technology based learning environment possible. Internet

The Factors Affecting Recruitment

The Factors Affecting Recruitment Selecting the right person for the right job is the very important for every organization. Nowadays this has become more critical in IT firms as there is very high demand for IT professionals in the industry, hence the turnover is very high. HR management principles include the following aspects Staff management is putting the workforce in a place like recruitment. It is developing that workforce so that staff can meet the changing demands of patient care by role redesign and personal development. It is assuring staff of job satisfaction. Human resources management (HRM) is the logical and strategic focus to managing the most valuable assets of an organization the people working there who individually and collectively contributing to the achievement of business objectives. The terms human resource management and human resources (HR) have largely supplanted the term personnel management as a description of the processes involved in the management of people in organizations. Simply put, human resources management means the employment of people, the development of their capabilities, using the maintenance and compensation of their services in line with the work and the requirement of the organization. HRM strategy A human resources management strategy refers to the media about how to apply the specific functions of human resource management. The function of a human resources organization may have policies for recruitment and selection, disciplinary procedures, policies, reward / recognition, a human resource plan, or policy learning and development, yet all these functional areas of resource management humans must be aligned and correlated to correspond with the overall business strategy. A strategy for human resources management is therefore a general plan on the implementation of specific areas of human resource management functions. Human resource management involves three processes. They are: Organizational planning Planning process is involving identifying an organizations short term and long term objectives, formulating and monitoring specific strategies to achieve their goals Staff acquisition The process of staff acquisition is getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project. Team development Team development can be defined as the process of building skills individually and group for project performance. Human Resource practices Workplace safe, healthy and happy Creating a safe work environment, healthy and happy will ensure that your employees feel comfortable and stay with your organization for a very long time. Capturing their pulse through staff surveys. Open book management style Exchange of information on contracts, sales, new customers, management objectives, company policies, etc. employee personal data ensures that employees are as enthusiastic about the company and the management. Through this process of open book, which can gradually create a culture of participative management and ignite the creative efforts of its workforce.. This is making people an interested party to strategic decisions, allowing them to align their business objectives. Be as open as possible. It helps in building confidence and motivates employees. Employee self-service portal, Manager Online, etc. are the tools currently available to management practice of this style. Performance bonds linked to pay the premiums, or have any type of variable compensation plan can be an incentive and disappointment, on the basis of how to manage and communicate. Bono must be designed so that people understand that there is no payment unless the company hits a certain level of profitability. Additional criteria could be the team success and individual performance. Never pay with bonus without measuring performance, unless a legal obligation. 360-Degree Performance Management Feedback System this system, which seeks the views of older people (including the boss), peers and subordinates, has been increasingly adopted as the best of all available methods to collect performance information. Gone are the days of hard work to impress one person, now the opinions of all matter, especially if you are in a leadership role (at any level). Each person on the team is responsible for giving relevant feedback, positive and constructive. Such systems also help in identifying leaders for higher level positions in the organization. Senior managers can use this information for their own development. Develop a system of evaluation that clearly links the performance of individual with business goals and priorities. Each employee must have clearly defined information relationships. Self-rating as part of the assessment process enables employees. The assessment is more righteous if it relies on records of regular counseling and accomplishments of employees, monitoring throughout the year. For a more objective, besides the immediate supervisor, all employees must be evaluated by the next higher level (often called a guard). Cross functional feedback, if obtained by the immediate superior of another manager (for whom the work of this employee is also important), will add to the fairness of the system. A relative ranking of all subordinates reporting to the same manager is another tool for assessing equity. The standardization of the evaluation is another dimension of improvement of fairness. Knowledge Exchange Adopt a systematic approach to ensure that knowledge management supports strategy. Knowledge of the store in databases to provide greater access to information published by the company or employees at the gates of knowledge of the company. When an employee returns after attending the competencies or skills development program, sharing essential knowledge with others may be required. Innovative ideas (implemented in the workplace) are good for publication in these knowledge sharing platforms. However, what to store and how to maintain a knowledge base requires deep thinking to avoid disorder. The performers landmark Create profiles of top performers and make these visible through the intranet, bulletin boards, etc. It will encourage others to put on their best, creating a competitive landscape inside the company. If a systems approach is the high performance flat can surely prevent disgruntlements. Open discussions and feedback mechanism Ideas rule the world. Large organizations recognize, promote and implement the great ideas. Employees are the greatest source of ideas. The only thing that can stop great ideas flooding your organization is the lack of an appropriate mechanism to capture ideas. Open discussions of the house, staff management meets, suggestion boxes and ideas capture tools such as critical incident diaries are the building blocks that can help administrators identify and develop talent. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ceremonies reward just recognize talent does not work; you must combine it with ceremonies where recognition is broadcast. As for the dollar check is often less important than listening to the applause of his colleagues in a public forum. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees with the Unexpected Delight The last but not least way to delight your employees from time to time with unexpected things that may come as a reward, a gift certificate or well done. Reward not only the best performers, but also some others who are in need of motivation to showcase its potential. Recruitment procedures Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and selects them to apply for jobs in the organization. Careful Recruitment process of an employee is very important. If we select unsuitable employee then it will give problem to our organization. Badly selected employees do not usually stay long with the organization. Sometime they leave themselves from the organization or else we have to discharge them from the organization. So a good recruitment procedure will influence the successful candidate in his future attitude to the firm. Factors Affecting Recruitment The recruitment function of the organizations is affected by internal and external forces. The internal forces or factors are the factors that can be controlled by the organization. And the external factors are those factors which cannot be controlled by the organization. Factors affecting Recruitment: Working conditions, salary and benefit packages offered by the organization The employment conditions in the community where the organization is located. Cultural, economic and legal factors Rate of growth of the organization. The effects of past recruiting efforts which show the organizations ability to locate and retain the good performing people. The future expansion and production programs. The size of the organization. Internal Factors Affecting Recruitment The internal factors which affecting recruitment and can be controlled by the organization. Recruitment policy Human resource planning Size of the firm Cost Growth and expansion External Factors Affecting Recruitment The external factors that are affecting recruitment are the forces which cannot be controlled by the organization. Supply and demand Labour market Image / goodwill Political-social- legal environment Unemployment rate Competitors Selection Procedure The term selection denotes a choice of one or many from amongst the candidates. It is very importance of making the right selection of staffThe main purpose of a screening procedure is to establish whether the applicant has the qualifications for a particular job, and then choose which candidate who is more likely to do well in that occupation.The advertisement for recruitment should be such that it can attract maximum applications from a number of suitable candidates. The entire selection process starts with a initial screening interview and ends with a final employment choice. Steps in selection procedure: response of applications or groundwork monitoring Application bank that gives a detail about the applicants background A well mannered interview to explore the applicants history life The physical examination Psychological testing that gives an aim gaze at a candidates suitability for that job A reference check Final Selection approved by the manager Communication of the decision to the candidate. Selection Criteria Selection criteria describe the qualifications, knowledge, and capabilities and undergo that a person requires in order making a job successfully. They are divided into: necessary criteria Desirable criteria. Selection criteria are used to help select the most capable, effective, suited, experienced, qualified, person for the job. Applicants must demonstrate and prove the ways in which they will be of value for the job and the organization. Examples of selection criteria ability to maintain confidentiality ability to work as part of a team ability to work independently ability to work under pressure attention to detail flexible and adaptable approach to work initiative keyboard skills knowledge of University organization, policy and procedures organizational/planning skills problem-solving ability sensitivity supervisory skills verbal communication/interpersonal skills Written communication skills.

Man vs. Society

Society excludes, torments, and sometimes kills people simply because of their religion. We might not always see it or hear it, but it’s there. Religious persecution is everywhere. It is in our schools, it is in our government, it is engrained in our society. Naturally people persecute and torment those who are not like them, be them Muslim, Mormon, Hindu, or even Christian. Yes, even Christians are being persecuted. We in America hear â€Å"so often about Muslims [being] victims of abuse in the West†(Ali).But what we don’t realize that there is another war. An â€Å"unrecognized war†(Ali) taking place everywhere from West Africa to the Middle East to South Asia and Oceania. A war on Christians. Christians are the most persecuted group in the contemporary world. â€Å"According to the World Evangelical Alliance, over 200 million Christians in 60 countries are denied fundamental human rights solely because of their faith†(Persecution of Christians). In Egypt, Christians are forced under strict rules that do not apply to mosques and other religious institutions.For example, under Hamayouni Decree, Christians have to go through the federal government in order to build, or even repair their buildings (Persecution of Christians). Not only does Egypt restrict Christians’ ability to build and maintain churches, but also their ability to hold positions. Christians cannot hold senior government positions, diplomatic positions, be in the military, or hold teaching positions (Persecution of Christians).Also, the Egyptian government does not recognize conversions from Islam to Christianity, and since inter-faith marriages in the country are illegal, converts cannot marry people born in Christian communities, and their children receive an Islamic education (Persecution of Copts). After the â€Å"Arab Spring† movement, there have been even more accounts of Christian persecution. Arab Spring is â€Å"a revolutionary wave of de monstrations that has been taking place in the Arab world †¦ [that is] successfully overthrowing their repressive governments†(Cha-cha).The overthrow of the government of Libya, the civil uprisings in Bahrain, Syria, and Yemen, and the major protests in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Oman (Arab Spring) are allowing Islamic extremists to gain power, and this is very worrisome for many Christians. The Arab Spring movement is also causing a Muslim â€Å"revival† of sorts, causing them to question their tolerance of Christians thus far. This revival has caused numerous incidents such as â€Å"church-burnings, rapes, mutilations, and murders†(Ali). Christians are being killed in Islamic cultures simply because of their religion.Yet this raises no alarm. Here in the West we have no idea how badly our fellow Christians suffer at the hands of Muslim countries. They constantly live in fear that their houses will be burned, their children killed, and them imprisoned with no hope of a fair trial. â€Å"From blasphemy laws to brutal murders to bombings to mutilations and the burning of holy sites, Christians in so many nations live in fear†(Ali). Christians and Muslims in Nigeria have been on the edge of civil war for years. A new Islamic radical group called Boko Harem provokes most of this action.This organization has stated that â€Å"it will kill all Christians living in the country†(Ali). â€Å"In the month of January 2012 alone, Boko Haram was responsible for 54 deaths†(Ali). This is insane! In the first month of this year, a month with a mere 31 days, Boko Haram has already killed 54 people. That’s almost two people a day. And this is only one group. In 2011, they killed at least 510 and burned down or destroyed more than 350 churches. This â€Å"Christophobia† that Africa is also found in Sudan, but in a very different form.The Sudanese authoritarian government has â€Å"for decades tormente d the Christian minorities in the south†(Ali). In Sudan, it is not extremist groups that are targeting Christians, but the government itself. It began in 2003, at the infamous genocide at Darfur. Since then, the Muslim president, Omar al-Bashir, has been indicted in the International Criminal Court in The Hauge of three counts of genocide (Omar al-Bashir). Even though he granted partial independence to south Sudan, the violence has not ended. Christians in south Sudan are still subject to aerial bombings, targeted killings, and the kidnapping of children (Ali).The UN reports that between 53,000 and 75,000 innocent civilians have been displaced from their homes (Ali). Not only are African Christians suffering, but also ones in the Middle East. Since 2003, more than 900 Iraqi Christians have been killed by terrorists’ actions and 70 churches have been burned in Baghdad alone. â€Å"Christians might disappear altogether from Iraq† says the chairman of the U. S. Comm ission on International Religious Freedom (Muslim Persecution of Christians). In Iran, the government is making laws that make it illegal to spread the Christian faith to the rest of the Iranians.Their goal is to â€Å"cleanse Iranian Christians†(Wahdat-Hagh), completely eradicating them from their country. There is so much hatred from the Islamic society that is directed towards Christians, and for no good reason. They torment and rape and mutilate and murder all Christians who are willing to stand up for what they believe in. And what do we do? What does western civilization do? We stand aside and allow it to happen. We turn a blind eye to our brothers and sisters who are being tortured and murdered for their beliefs, and allow it all to go on. We know it’s happening, but why do we stand aside?Why is America, the country that was founded on the principals of Christianity, the country that was founded for the purpose of escape from religious persecution, standing asid e and allowing people to be massacred? Are we so wrapped up in things of this world, are we so wrapped up in economy and money and oil that we stand aside and allow people to be brutally killed so that we can keep our gas prices low and our people safe? Even if we don’t all agree that Christians are right are wrong, don’t we all believe that human life is valuable, and that it must be preserved?We went to war with the Middle Eastern countries to fight this â€Å"War on Terror,† but what did that accomplish? Safety for our own borders, and not even that to its fullest extent. It did nothing to help the hundreds of thousands of Christians living in fear all around the world. So what should we do? We the people, of the United States of America, must go back to our roots, go back to the reason why we came here in the first place, and abandon all of our petty arguments, so that we can aid those who are the oppressed and the persecuted because of their faith.

Ap Literature Exam Essay Samples - Overview

Ap Literature Exam Essay Samples - Overview New Questions About Ap Literature Exam Essay Samples They'll consult you on any matter. Underline that portion of the text that the question is referring to if it's helpful. One essay it will ask you to offer an analysis of a single text. Return to your question. That is the reason you should learn to deal with AP English essay prompts. AP Literature demonstrates that you're taking the most innovative course possible in literature. There is a particular essay in the prompt that you should analyze. Firstly, we're a trusted resource. Another benefit of our website is the quickness. The Secret to Ap Literature Exam Essay Samples On multiple-choice exams for literature, it is not as likely you will receive a lengthy question with over 1 part. The exam is almost always a challenging situation to cope with. Your exam is broken into portions. A complete practice exam together with study materials are available here. AP English Literature and Composition courses are usually capped by the AP exam that determines whether a student may get college credit for her or his work. Though it isn't essential to take the AP English Literature class prior to taking this test, it might help you earn a greater score and more college credit. AP English is quite a complicated college course that is composed of numerous elements that will all be tested during the exam. Complete a guided review during the total AP English Literature review program. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Ap Literature Exam Essay Samples Even in the event the exam is still a couple of years in your future, it's almost always a fantastic idea to get a book. In truth, it's not a poor notion to start your preparation by taking one of these completely free on-line practice tests. When facing a massive vocabulary list like this one, it's simple to take a look at and consider it as a whole, a practice that makes plenty of unnecessa ry stress. Without a bit of additional fuel, your brain might need to shut down early. In this way, the author clarifies the relationship between the examples and their use and meaning. If you're taking the AP class, you'll most likely be following some sort of preset structure about what gets read when. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. There's just one person within this poem, together with a personified `sorrow,' so choice A doesn't work. In addition, there are several paid resources that provide unofficial practice questions. There are a lot of reasons why you must prefer our services. Besides the free College Board resources, in addition, there are several places online where you are able to acquire free, unofficial practice tests. If you truly feel as if you still need more help or you're not sure that you could do it all on your own, look no more. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Essentially, this question is intended to check your understanding of the essential reading list, so make certain you can determine each one of the works on it, and offer some basic information about each one, including thematic details. It's particularly important to take advantage of all of the available study materials to overcome the normal mean score, for this tricky language. In any case, you'll certainly like our price policy. You should engage with the text to be able to acquire a simple comprehension. You're going to be requested to read an excerpt from a text on the necessary reading list (or the entire work in the instance of a brief poem) and after that analyze the method by which the text represents the qualities of a specific genre. For those options left, it is cruci al to consider back to the text. Refer back to certain passages of text to be able to make correct alternative. You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. Most timed essays follow an easy, standardized format. Besides, you can read the testimonials of our clients.

Economic Growth Theories and Models, A section of a...

Literature review Classical Theory of Economic Growth Harrod Domar Growth Model The Neoclassical growth Model Empirical literature 2.1 Theoretical Literature The long history of ideas on economic growth started from the classical economists like Adam Smith, Robert Malthus, Ricardo and Marx. For more than three decades the Neoclassical and the Endogenous Growth theories were arguing and forwarding economic reasons on trend of economic growth through investment as a general and private investment in particular. Though there are various theories, as mentioned above, regarding economic growth, in this section we will address the most commonly applied models: the classical theory of economic growth, Harrod–domar Growth model, The Neoclassical and Endogenous Growth Models. 2.1.1 Classical Theory of Economic Growth The classical economists Adam Smith, David Ricardo and John Stuart Mill were primarily concerned with the dynamics of the economic growth of a capitalist economy. They argued that population growth and capital accumulation are the necessary conditions of growth (Denis and Paul, 2000). The forces of diminishing returns and technological advancements determine the pace of economic growth. Capital accumulation, which itself is determined by the rate of profits, has two effects: it creates demand for labor and it fosters technological improvements by facilitating the division of labor. The population, which tends to grow rapidly, increases the demand for food.Show MoreRelatedBrics, India, China And South Africa1451 Words   |  6 Pages‘Building Better Global Economic BRICs’ (2001). In 2010 South Africa was added to this group of countries because of its increasing economy. Goldman Sachs in its long term outlook in 2009 forecasted that BRICs economy will become as big as th e G7 countries by 2032 and China’s economy will become as big as the US economy by 2027. 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